Subway Map of the Criminal Courts
Share your voice and join others in navigating our judicial system. This guide provides an easy-to-follow way for people to understand how our courts work.
Move the map and click on a station to join the discussion.
ARREST
SHARE WHAT'S HAPPENING
(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
An arrest happens when law enforcement takes you into custody. The reason for the arrest and what happens next may not always be immediately clear.
WHAT HAPPENS
Depending on the circumstances, you may be taken to a police station or detention facility for processing. You may be released or remain in custody until a court appearance.
You may be provided an opportunity to contact your attorney, your family, and/or a trusted individual.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Knowing and exercising your rights during interactions with law enforcement can be important. You have the right to remain silent, and you can ask to speak with an attorney before answering questions about the alleged offense.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
Being arrested does not necessarily mean Miranda warnings will immediately be read to you. Those warnings generally relate to custodial questioning.
You may be taken to a local precinct, processed, and then held until you are brought before a judge at the first court appearance.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Learn your rights, know your rights, practice exercising your rights.
- Speak with your family to try to limit unnecessary spending as soon as possible. Access to any amount of cash makes a huge difference. Illinois does not have cash bond, so focus on keeping the bills paid first.
- If you do not have a criminal defense attorney before an arrest, this will be addressed in the next step. If you do, contact your attorney to inform them of your arrest.
COMMUNITY ACTION
- If it is safe and lawful to do so, documenting an arrest from a distance may help preserve information about what happened.
- Be careful about publicly sharing details of somebody’s case before they have talked with their attorney.
- If you are a trusted individual or family member, you may offer or be asked to help with personal matters unrelated to the arrest.
RESOURCES
- https://www.aclu-il.org/know-your-rights/know-your-rights-stopped-police/
- Cook County Public Defender’s Office Call Line: 844-817-4448 (A 24/7 free hotline)
- Cabrini Green Legal Aid: 312-738-2452, or visit cgla.net
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
FIRST COURT APPEARANCE
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
This is generally the first time a person appears before a judge after an arrest. The court addresses early issues such as legal representation and whether the person will be released or detained while the case is pending.
WHAT HAPPENS
The person is informed of the charges against them and advised of important rights. A public defender may be appointed to represent them if they qualify.
The judge addresses whether the person will be released until the next court date or remain in custody.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
The courtroom may be busy, with many cases being heard and family members or supporters waiting for cases to be called.
This hearing may not take a long time. That is normal.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
There can be 15 to 25 cases on a busy day.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Be patient. First appearance court can make for a long day.
- Before you leave, make sure you know your next court date, time, courthouse, courtroom, and any conditions you are required to follow.
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Stand up when your loved one comes out to show your support.
- Write down key details such as proof of the person's job, school enrollment, or caretaking roles—and share them with the public defender before the hearing starts to help show the judge that they have ties to the community.
RESOURCES
- Cook County Public Defender’s Office Call Line: 844-817-4448 (A 24/7 free hotline)
- Cabrini Green Legal Aid: 312-738-2452, or visit cgla.net
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
ARRAIGNMENT
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
An arraignment is a court hearing where the charges against you are formally addressed and you have an opportunity to enter a plea. This is often the first appearance in front of the judge who may be with you for the rest of your case.
WHAT HAPPENS
- The charges are formally addressed.
- You are represented by an attorney.
- A plea may be entered.
- Your attorney may request or begin receiving discovery, which is information and evidence related to the case.
- Another court date will be set.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Arraignment can feel rushed or confusing because several things may happen quickly. Ask your attorney to explain what happened and what comes next.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
You may see attorneys speaking quickly, cases moving fast, and little explanation given directly to the person.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Ask your attorney to explain your next steps
- Write down your next court date
- Bring someone to support you
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Have a Courtwatcher present
- Document how the hearing is handled
RESOURCES
- Cook County Public Defender’s Office Call Line: 844-817-4448 (A 24/7 free hotline)
- Cabrini Green Legal Aid: 312-738-2452, or visit cgla.net
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
DETENTION HEARING
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
A detention hearing is where a judge decides whether a person will remain in the community while their case is pending or be detained while the case continues. The prosecution may ask for detention, while the defense can argue for release.
WHAT HAPPENS
The prosecution must meet specific legal requirements before a person can be detained. The judge considers the evidence, the legal requirements for detention, and whether conditions of release could address the concerns. This hearing is not a trial and the judge should not be deciding guilt or innocence at this stage.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
This often takes place 24-48 hours after an arrest, but could also happen again upon request by the state or defense. Note: The defense attorney must have an official transcript for the state and judge. The defense must also have proof of one of the following to get someone out of detention: that the state failed to identify a qualifying offense to keep someone detained, insufficient evidence that a person is a threat, or that there are no lesser conditions to keep the public safe.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
The prosecution and defense present arguments before the judge. The state will describe events that police reported, and go over any past criminal history. The defense may present information about your life and circumstances, including housing, employment, education, family responsibilities, treatment, military service, and community support.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Pay attention to the evidence the state brings to discuss it with your defense attorney in the future regardless of the initial decision.
- Write down your next court date.
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Have a Courtwatcher present.
- Courtwatchers can document why detention was requested, what alternatives were discussed, whether the person’s circumstances were considered, and the reasons the judge gave for detention or release.
RESOURCES
You may contact hello@ilarj.org to confirm if a Courtwatcher will be present for a given hearing
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
DISCOVERY
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
Discovery is the process where the prosecution provides the defense with evidence and information related to the case. This may include police reports, video, photographs, witness information, records, forensic evidence, and other materials. Discovery may continue over several court dates.
WHAT HAPPENS
- Information is gathered from the initial arrest.
- Evidence may be gathered from the police, hospitals, or any other party involved.
- If the accused is in custody at this time, the defense may request a Detention Hearing to advocate for their release.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Discovery can take time and may continue over several court dates. Important decisions about how the case moves forward may depend on the defense receiving and reviewing important evidence.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
- Be patient. Show up for each date you are given, and be there early.
- Nothing moves forward with the case until Discovery is done.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Attend every court date — missing one can have serious consequences
- Ask your attorney where discovery stands and what is still needed.
- Tell your attorney about witnesses, records, videos, documents, or other information you believe may be important.
- Keep records of all dates and communications.
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Track how long discovery takes and document delays affecting detained people and their families.
RESOURCES
- Cook County Public Defender’s Office Call Line: 844-817-4448 (A 24/7 free hotline)
- Cabrini Green Legal Aid: 312-738-2452, or visit cgla.net
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
MOTION TO QUASH DENIED
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
A motion may challenge whether an arrest or other legal action was lawful and may also ask the court to suppress evidence obtained as a result. The exact issue depends on the motion being filed.
WHAT HAPPENS
The attorneys present arguments to the judge. Depending on the motion, evidence may be presented and witnesses may testify and be questioned. The judge then decides whether to grant or deny the motion.
- Opening statements may be made by state and defense.
- Evidence is presented.
- Witnesses are brought up by and questioned by both sides.
- Closing statements are given by both sides.
- The judge will explain their decision. If they deny the motion — another date will be given for the defense to make their next move.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
- Motions To Quash are usually done in one day.
- If the motion is denied, the case continues. Talk with your attorney about what options may still be available.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
- They have the look and feel of a mini trial in front of the judge, but they are not an actual trial.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Be present and on time for the hearing
- Be ready to support your loved one if they are down after losing a chance to end their legal journey.
- Talk with your attorney about information, witnesses, documents, video, or other evidence that may be relevant to the motion.
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Encourage family and community supporters to attend future hearings when permitted and follow courtroom rules.
RESOURCES
- Cook County Public Defender’s Office Call Line: 844-817-4448 (A 24/7 free hotline)
- Cabrini Green Legal Aid: 312-738-2452, or visit cgla.net
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
MOTION TO QUASH GRANTED: DISMISSAL
SHARE WHAT'S HAPPENING
(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
A motion may challenge whether an arrest or other legal action was lawful and may also ask the court to suppress evidence obtained as a result. The exact issue depends on the motion being filed.
WHAT HAPPENS
- Opening statements may be made by state and defense.
- Evidence is presented.
- Witnesses are brought up by and questioned by both sides.
- Closing statements are given by both sides.
- The judge will explain their decision. If they deny the motion — another date will be given for the defense to make their next move.
Granted vs. dismissed. If the motion is granted, certain evidence may be suppressed or excluded. Whether the case continues or is dismissed depends on what evidence remains and other circumstances in the case.
Terminology. Evidence may be “thrown out” (suppressed or excluded), meaning the court may not allow it to be used in the case.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Motions To Quash are usually done in one day.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
If the person was out of custody, they can just leave the courtroom and go home. If they were in custody, they cannot walk straight out of the courtroom doors into the street. They must be taken back to the jail to be processed out.
Release timing can vary. Another case, warrant, hold, or detainer can affect when a person is released.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Be ready to pick up your friend/family member from Cook County Jail if they were in custody
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Support public service groups who support those released from jail.
- Document patterns by judge and charge type
RESOURCES
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
PLEA DEAL
SHARE WHAT'S HAPPENING
(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
A plea deal is an agreement negotiated between the prosecution and defense. The person being accused (“defendant”) may agree to plead guilty in exchange for certain charges, sentencing terms, recommendations, or other terms. The person being accused (defendant) makes the final decision whether to accept the plea.
WHAT HAPPENS
- The defendant enters a guilty plea to the charge(s).
- The judge explains the charge(s) and confirms that the defendant understands what they are pleading guilty to.
- The State provides the facts and background of the case for the record.
- The judge confirms that the defendant is entering the plea voluntarily and understands that they are giving up their right to a jury or bench trial and other trial-related rights.
- If the judge accepts the plea, the court enters a judgement of conviction and the judge proceeds to sentencing, either immediately or at a later date.
- If the defendant decides they do not want to plead guilty before the plea is accepted, the case generally continues toward trial.
- If the judge does not accept the plea agreement, what happens next depends on the type of plea and the circumstances of the case.
Before accepting a guilty plea, the judge should make sure the person understands the plea and is entering it voluntarily. Withdrawing a guilty plea after it has been accepted requires additional legal steps.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
These negotiations can feel pressured. Many people feel rushed to make life-changing decisions. Your sentence can vary widely from Probation to Prison time depending on what has been worked out.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
You will generally know what the judgement of conviction will be before you step up to plead guilty.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Make sure you fully understand what you are agreeing to
- Ask your attorney to walk through every term of the deal
- Know your rights before waiving them
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Track sentencing outcomes by charge and demographics
- Document how plea deals compare to trial outcomes
RESOURCES
Understanding or negotiating plea deals are primarily accessible through the on-site Public Defenders, the State's Attorney's diversion office, and specialized legal clinics. Because this is the primary felony courthouse for Cook County, almost all formal plea bargaining occurs directly between assigned defense counsel and prosecutors within this building.
Cabrini Green Legal Aid: 312-738-2452, or visit cgla.net
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
INCARCERATION
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
At this point you will be taken into custody. You will head back to jail and await transfer to IDOC.
WHAT HAPPENS
If you are in Cook County, you will be transferred to the Northern Receiving Center (NRC) in Joliet at Statesville Prison. From there you will go through the Reception and Classification center. Then you will be held at NRC until they transfer you to your permanent institution. Other Receiving Centers are for other counties.
Placement, reception procedures, housing, transfer timelines, and phone access can vary. Check current IDOC information for the most up-to-date procedures.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Be patient. The transfer process can take a few weeks to a few months. There is no standard timing. Warn family and friends to be patient with phone contact. It may also take a few weeks to get you into the phone system.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
You will be interviewed and asked questions by IDOC staff and social workers. You will also have a physical and dental exam. You will be in a two-person cell while you wait for transfer.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Do your best to stay calm, and find healthy habits to pass the time.
- If able, bring a book or two from Cook County Jail.
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Support family of those who are going into IDOC.
RESOURCES
- You or your loved ones may access the Success Plan Program through the Edovo learning platform. Qualifying high-quality Success Plan submission may be eligible for monetary compensation or employment opportunities within IDOC custody. Visit ILARJ.org
- ILARJ’s monthly newsletter has additional information for loved ones on the outside and inside partners. You can sign up at https://ilarj.org.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
PROBATION
SHARE WHAT'S HAPPENING
(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
Probation is a court-ordered sentence that allows a person to remain in the community while following specific conditions set by the court. The length, conditions, fees, and consequences can depend on the case and type of probation.
WHAT HAPPENS
A person is given a time period (most commonly between 1 and 3 years) to do any of the following items, or follow restrictions, that are chosen by a judge after negotiations between the state's attorney and a defense lawyer. Here is a partial list of common items that could be added to probation:
- Regular reports to Probation Officer (In person and/or by phone)
- Proof of High School diploma, or earn GED
- Find work/stay employed
- Random testing for drugs and/or alcohol
- Zero tolerance for drugs and/or alcohol
- Alcohol/drug evaluation
- Mental health evaluation
- Mandatory 12-step group attendance
- A specific number SWAP program days
- DNA swab
- Community Service hours
- Paying restitution
- Paying probation fees
- Paying court fees
- 180 days (held) in Cook County Jail
- Staying away from certain people/business/locations connected to a case
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
- Don’t let the long list above frighten you. It’s just a list of items that may be put on your probation.
- Keep a calendar with all dates of specific events you are required to do. Also keep record of all items you have done, making copies of verification forms for your probation officer and yourself.
- Work hard to make all appointments and meet deadlines so no violations are filed against you.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
The idea is that you are able to do all these things on your own before your TERM date (when probation is over). Keep in contact with your probation officer. Ask for help when you need it.
Certain probation requirements may impact your home and/or work schedule. If you can do all requirements successfully without an issue, you won’t need to report to court again. If there are mistakes, or items missed along the way, you may get called back to court to hear about your Violation of Probation.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Make sure to stay in contact with your Probation officer and give them proof of completed items as you do them…not at the end.
- Stay organized with scheduled items and be on time when you need to report. Anytime you fail to do something it can be reported to the Judge, and a violation can be issued.
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Be ready to help a person on Probation in any way they need. (Making appointments, Transportation, Moral Support, etc)
RESOURCES
- Safer Foundation — (312) 922-2200 Reentry support, employment, counseling, wellness, and case management. Comprehensive Reentry Assistance - Safer Foundation at https://saferfoundation.org/
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
REENTRY
SHARE WHAT'S HAPPENING
(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
Either you are leaving jail, leaving prison, or have graduated from a diversion program to go back to the community.
WHAT HAPPENS
You will be processed and let out of your facility. If you are leaving Cook County, you will be given all personal materials you came in with. Cook County Jail does not help with transportation. If it is IDOC, they will give you a small amount of money and a check for any money left on your books. IDOC will either allow you to get picked up or they will give you a ticket for a train or bus ride back to your approved destination.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Depending on the length of time you have spent inside, regaining your freedom can be a traumatic experience. Take it slow. If you are on pretrial, call your pretrial officer. If you are on probation, call your probation officer. If you are on parole now, make sure to wait at your approved site to meet your officer before going anywhere. If you are in the middle of proceedings, be sure to attend all court dates and other requirements of your release.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
You will be let out and either find your own way, or be helped in getting to your approved housing site.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Connect with supporters (friends, family, organizations) before you get out.
- Look into reentry materials and programs to help you to have a successful transition back into the community.
- If your immediate needs are IDs, housing, transportation, a phone, employment, food, clothing, healthcare, benefits, help understanding supervision requirements, or support reconnecting with family — check out the resources below.
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Look into supporting groups who aid with reentry back into the community for those who have been impacted by the prison system.
- Support returning community members with practical needs such as transportation, housing, employment, identification, family reunification, connections to resources, and help navigating supervision or court requirements.
RESOURCES
- ILARJ maintains a Reentry Resource Guide at https://www.ilarj.org/resources/success-plan-resources
- Mapping Your Future book found at https://www.educationjustice.net/reentry-guides/.
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
REFERRAL TO DIVERSION
SHARE WHAT'S HAPPENING
(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
A diversion program offers eligible individuals an alternative to traditional prosecution by connecting them with treatment, services, education, accountability, and other supportive resources tailored to their needs and circumstances.
WHAT HAPPENS
- Stabilization & Compliance: Getting the participant connected, oriented, and compliant with basic court/program requirements.
- Active Treatment: Addressing the underlying needs that contributed to the person’s involvement with the criminal legal system.
- Relapse Prevention & Reintegration: Helping the participant maintain progress while rebuilding stability through employment, education, family/community connections, housing, and other supports.
- Pre-Graduation & Graduation: Confirming that requirements have been completed, assessing readiness for successful completion, and preparing the participant to transition out of court supervision.
If they successfully complete the program, the case may be dismissed, reduced, or result in another non-conviction outcome, depending on the specific diversion court. If they do not complete the requirements, the case can generally return to the regular criminal court process.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Diversion court opportunity shifts the criminal legal system from simply punishing people to creating pathways for accountability, rehabilitation, stability, and successful reintegration. A meaningful diversion program recognizes each person’s circumstances, acknowledges their progress, responds fairly when challenges arise, and provides the support needed to address the underlying issues that brought them into the system in the first place.
In some cases, the original charges are reduced to a lesser charge, with the possibility of later expungement. If the program requirements aren’t met, the judge may revoke diversion. The person can be detained and the original charges may move forward.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
- Someone being given the opportunity to truly rehabilitate, rebuild, and move forward with support.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Stay committed, complete the requirements, ask for help when needed, and use the opportunity to build a better future.
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Be ready to help a person put into diversion courts in any way they need. (Making appointments, transportation, moral support, etc.).
RESOURCES
- Safer Foundation — (312) 922-2200 Reentry support, employment, counseling, wellness, and case management. Comprehensive Reentry Assistance - Safer Foundation: https://saferfoundation.org/
- Legal Aid Chicago — (312) 341-1070 Civil legal assistance involving housing, benefits, family matters, and other issues that can affect someone's ability to successfully complete diversion.
- Lawndale Christian Legal Center — (773) 762-6381 Legal representation, case management, mentoring, employment, mental health, and diversion support for eligible young people
- WestCare Illinois — (312) 719-0580
- Substance-use treatment, behavioral health, recovery, and supportive services.
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
MENTAL HEALTH COURT
SHARE WHAT'S HAPPENING
(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
A special court designed for eligible people with mental health needs and may include treatment and court supervision.
WHAT HAPPENS
- Stabilization & Compliance: Address immediate mental health needs and begin following court and treatment requirements.
- Active Treatment: Participate consistently in mental health treatment, medication management when applicable, and support services.
- Relapse Prevention & Reintegration: Develop a long-term wellness plan and strengthen housing, employment, family, and community support.
- Pre-Graduation & Maintenance: Demonstrate stability and compliance while preparing to transition from court supervision.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Diversion court opportunity shifts the criminal legal system from simply punishing people to creating pathways for accountability, rehabilitation, stability, and successful reintegration. A meaningful diversion program recognizes each person’s circumstances, acknowledges their progress, responds fairly when challenges arise, and provides the support needed to address the underlying issues that brought them into the system in the first place.
These courts are very different from regular court.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
Different players in the court will be in different spots. It's calmer when goals are being met.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Ensure you have consistent mental health care
- Communicate with your case manager
- Document all treatment attendance
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Advocate for adequate mental health funding
- Track continuity of care
RESOURCES
Cook County Mental Health Treatment Court (312) 603-6000
The official Cook County Mental Health Court program serves eligible people with diagnosed mental illness who are involved in the criminal legal system. The program connects participants with probation, clinical case management and treatment providers.
Healthy Hood Chicago
Phone: (773) 876-0317
2242 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60608
Nothing opens until you choose.
A grassroots community health and wellness organization focused on community healing, health education, wellness, resource distribution, and youth/community empowerment.
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
VETERANS COURT
SHARE WHAT'S HAPPENING
(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
A specialized court that provides services to eligible veterans who are in need of Mental Health or Drug/Alcohol assistance that includes treatment, court supervision, and support services.
WHAT HAPPENS
- Stabilization & Compliance: Establish stability, follow court requirements, and connect with veteran-specific services.
- Active Treatment: Participate in treatment, counseling, and services identified by the court.
- Relapse Prevention & Reintegration: Build skills and support for long-term stability and successful community reintegration.
- Pre-Graduation & Maintenance: Maintain compliance, demonstrate progress, and prepare for completion and continued support.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Diversion court opportunity shifts the criminal legal system from simply punishing people to creating pathways for accountability, rehabilitation, stability, and successful reintegration. A meaningful diversion program recognizes each person’s circumstances, acknowledges their progress, responds fairly when challenges arise, and provides the support needed to address the underlying issues that brought them into the system in the first place.
These courts are very different from regular court.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
Different players in the court will be in different spots. It's calmer when goals are being met.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Gather your service records
- Connect with your veteran mentor
- Engage with available VA resources
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Support veteran-specific advocacy
- Monitor local VA service access
RESOURCES
Cook County Veterans Treatment Court
Phone: (312) 603-5030
What they help with: Veterans and service members involved in the criminal legal system; treatment, probation, VA services, substance-use treatment, mental health and other supportive services.
Jesse Brown VA — Substance Use Treatment
Phone: (312) 569-7225
820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612
Nothing opens until you choose.
For Veterans needing drug or alcohol evaluation and treatment. Same-day walk-in services are available through the Mental Health Triage Clinic during listed clinic hours.
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
DRUG COURT
SHARE WHAT'S HAPPENING
(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
Drug court focuses on substance-use treatment, recovery, and court supervision.
WHAT HAPPENS
- Stabilization & Compliance: Begin recovery, comply with court requirements, and establish a foundation for sobriety.
- Active Treatment: Participate in substance-use treatment, counseling, testing, and recovery services.
- Relapse Prevention & Reintegration: Develop relapse-prevention strategies and strengthen recovery and community support.
- Pre-Graduation & Maintenance: Maintain sobriety and compliance while preparing for successful completion and continued recovery.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Diversion court opportunity shifts the criminal legal system from simply punishing people to creating pathways for accountability, rehabilitation, stability, and successful reintegration. A meaningful diversion program recognizes each person’s circumstances, acknowledges their progress, responds fairly when challenges arise, and provides the support needed to address the underlying issues that brought them into the system in the first place.
These courts are very different from regular court.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
Different players in the court will be in different spots. It's calmer when goals are being met.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Attend every session
- Communicate challenges early
- Build a support system
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Advocate for transportation support
- Monitor program graduation rates
RESOURCES
The official Cook County Drug Court program serves eligible people with diagnosed drug and/or alcohol concerns who are involved in the criminal legal system. The program connects participants with probation, clinical case management and treatment providers
Drug Treatment Court Programs | Circuit Court of Cook County: https://www.cookcountycourtil.gov/division/problem-solving-courts/drug-treatment-court-programs
Phone: (312) 226-4357 (312-CAN-HELP)
120 N. Sangamon St., Chicago, IL 60607
Nothing opens until you choose.
Provides substance-use treatment, withdrawal management, residential and outpatient services, and behavioral-health support. Haymarket states that access is available 24/7/365, and inability to pay does not prevent access to services.
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
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RESTORATIVE JUSTICE REFERRAL
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
Entry into the Restorative Justice process — a community-centered approach to harm and accountability.
WHAT HAPPENS
- Stabilization & Compliance: Understand the harm caused and complete initial requirements of the restorative process.
- Active Treatment: Participate in restorative conversations, accountability activities, or other agreed-upon interventions.
- Relapse Prevention & Reintegration: Apply lessons learned, address underlying issues, and work toward repairing harm and rebuilding relationships.
- Pre-Graduation & Maintenance: Complete agreed-upon responsibilities and demonstrate accountability before concluding the process.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Diversion court opportunity shifts the criminal legal system from simply punishing people to creating pathways for accountability, rehabilitation, stability, and successful reintegration. A meaningful diversion program recognizes each person’s circumstances, acknowledges their progress, responds fairly when challenges arise, and provides the support needed to address the underlying issues that brought them into the system in the first place.
RJ requires genuine voluntary participation. Coerced restorative justice rarely works.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
Individual meetings with a trained facilitator to explain the process and determine readiness.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Understand what RJ means for your case
- Know your right to decline
- Prepare to engage honestly
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Ensure access to trusted community facilitators
- Monitor who is offered RJ vs. prosecution
RESOURCES
Lawndale Christian Legal Center — (773) 762-6381 Legal representation, case management, mentoring, employment, mental health, and diversion support for eligible young people
Precious Blood Ministry of Reconciliation
Phone: (773) 952-6643
5114 S. Elizabeth St., Chicago, IL 60609
Nothing opens until you choose.
Offers restorative justice practices, healing circles, mediation, conflict resolution, and RJ training.
Cook County Restorative Justice Community Courts
Cook County currently has RJ (Restorative Justice) Community Courts in North Lawndale, Avondale, Englewood, and Sauk Village. These courts provide an alternative approach for eligible young adults facing certain nonviolent felony or misdemeanor charges. Successful completion may provide an opportunity for charges to be dismissed and records expunged.
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
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DIVERSION COMPLETE
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
A person assigned to the diversion court has completed 4-Phases of casework and may now attend a “graduation” from the program.
WHAT HAPPENS
If you have made it to the graduation phase it means you have completed all the required work.
- Phase 1: Stabilization & Compliance
- Phase 2: Active Treatment
- Phase 3: Relapse Prevention & Reintegration
- Phase 4: Pre-Graduation & Maintenance
If your case is dismissed after successful completion, ask an attorney or qualified legal-aid organization whether your case is eligible for expungement or sealing and what steps you need to take.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
There is no timeline on this process. Progress is determined by quality of work, reports by involved support staff, and hitting specific milestones for your specific tasks.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
You will stand before your judge, who will celebrate your achievement in front of everyone in the courtroom. You will also be invited to a formal graduation ceremony where fellow participants, the legal team, and your support staff will gather to celebrate your hard work and your official transition out of the justice system.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Stay in communication with your support staff, make calls or in-person check-in’s with your pretrial officer.
- Once the judge has dismissed your case, you can find a non-profit group to help you expunge your case. Cabrini Green Legal Aid (CGLA)
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Monitor outcomes
- Support public service groups involved in these specialty courts.
RESOURCES
- ILARJ maintains a Reentry Resource Guide at https://www.ilarj.org/resources/success-plan-resources
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
402 CONFERENCE
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
At the defendant’s request, the judge may participate in a plea conference with the attorneys. The judge may hear information about the case and discuss a possible disposition or sentence within the rules that apply to a 402 conference.
WHAT HAPPENS
- The judge will admonish the defendant about the 402 process to get their permission to do it.
- The lawyers, judge, and any other involved people will go to the judge's chambers for a private meeting.
- They will all return to court. Your lawyer may talk to you and move forward with the case right then, or they may just get a date and talk to you more later.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
These conferences can feel pressured, and can only be requested by your defense attorney. Many people feel rushed to make life-changing decisions. Once you decide to do a 402 Conference you cannot switch judges.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
Quick conversations in hallways or side rooms. Limited time to think through consequences.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Ask for time to think
- Consult with your attorney privately
- Understand all your options before deciding
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Ensure adequate consultation time
- Document pressure tactics
RESOURCES
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
MOTIONS IN LIMINE
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
A hearing in court where the state, defense, and judge discuss specific instructions given to the jury.
WHAT HAPPENS
- Either side will argue for or against information that is given to the Jury.
- The date will be confirmed for the Jury Trial.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
You can ask your defense attorney what they plan to do at the Motion in Limine hearing.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
If you have a legal history, this will be discussed during this hearing.
Your attorney will usually not want specifics to be shared in the trial.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Ask your attorney what motions are being filed and why
- Understand how rulings here affect what the jury will hear
- Be present and attentive
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Document what evidence is excluded or included
- Track patterns in how judges rule on limine motions
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
JURY TRIAL
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
A legal trial where a group of ordinary citizens from the community—rather than a single judge—listens to the evidence and decides the final outcome of a court case.
WHAT HAPPENS
- Jurors are interviewed by both state and defense, and chosen. 12 jurors plus 2 alternates.
- Opening statements are made by state and defense.
- Evidence is presented.
- Witnesses are brought up by and questioned by both sides.
- Closing statements are given by both sides. The state gets to speak twice since they have the burden to prove guilt.
- The judge will read the information packet to the Jury.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Dress up formal like you are going to a wedding or interview. Image does matter when others look at you in court. The composition of the jury significantly impacts trial outcomes. Have as many supporters show up for you in court as possible.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
Questions about biases, backgrounds, and ability to be fair. Jury selection can take hours or days. More supporters in court for you show the Jury that you are cared for, and thus worthy of full effort in making a decision.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Discuss strategy with your attorney
- Note concerning responses
- Stay engaged in the process
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Observe jury demographics
- Document selection patterns
RESOURCES
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
BENCH TRIAL
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
- A legal trial chosen by the defendant where the judge—rather than a group of ordinary citizens from the community—listens to the evidence and decides the final outcome of a court case.
WHAT HAPPENS
- Opening statements are made by state and defense.
- Evidence is presented.
- Witnesses are brought up by and questioned by both sides.
- Closing statements are given by both sides. The state gets to speak twice since they have the burden to prove guilt.
- The judge will explain if the defendant is Not Guilty or Guilty.
- Note: The judge will either do sentencing right then and there OR they will set a date so they can take time to consider their decision.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Bench trials move faster than jury trials, but put full decision power in the judge's hands.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
This is a trial, but without a Jury. Witnesses come in to testify. Evidence is presented. Then it’s up to the judge to make their decision.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Encourage family and friends to show up to display support.
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Have a Courtwatcher present
- Document how the hearing is handled
RESOURCES
You may contact hello@ilarj.org to confirm if one of our Courtwatchers will be present for a bench trial.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
VERDICT
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
After closing statements, the Judge delivers their verdict of Not Guilty or Guilty.
WHAT HAPPENS
- The Judge reviews all evidence and arguments presented during the bench trial.
- The Judge delivers their decision directly — there is no jury deliberation.
- If you are found Not Guilty, the case is over and you go home.
- If you are found Guilty you will get a court date for a Sentencing Hearing.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
In a bench trial the judge holds all the power. Their decision can come quickly. Be Prepared. If you are found Guilty the state may ask for you to stay/be detained until the sentencing hearing.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
- The courtroom is quiet as the judge reads their ruling. It can feel very final, very fast.
- Take time to take care of your affairs before your trial in case you have to go into custody.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Stay composed — the judge is watching throughout
- Have a plan for both outcomes before the day arrives
- Keep your support network close
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Track judicial ruling patterns by judge
- Document how quickly verdicts are delivered in bench trials
- Document how long deliberations take
- Track whether detained defendants face different outcomes than those who are free
RESOURCES
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
NOT GUILTY: ACQUITTAL
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
Bench Trial
The judge will read a Not Guilty verdict to the court.
Jury Trial
The jury foreman will read a Not Guilty verdict to the court.
WHAT HAPPENS
The person on trial is released and can go home.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
You may contact a non-profit group to help you expunge the arrest from your record now that you have been found Not Guilty.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
If the person was out of custody, they can just leave the courtroom and go home. If they were in custody and found not guilty, they cannot just walk straight out of the courtroom doors into the street. They must be taken back to the Cook County Jail facility to be processed out.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Be ready to take your friend family member home if out of custody
- Be ready to pick them up later that night or early next morning once released from jail.
- Consider therapy or mental health support to process the experience and move forward.
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Support public service groups who support those released from jail.
RESOURCES
Therapy & Mental Health Support — being involved in a criminal case can be emotionally difficult, even when someone is found not guilty.
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
GUILTY: SENTENCING
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(Example: "Officer XXXX has missed 3 court dates" or "My detention hearing keeps getting pushed back.")
WHAT IT IS
If found Guilty, you will attend this final hearing where the Judge decides your sentence.
WHAT HAPPENS
- The judge has spent time reviewing evidence for the case and what options they have for sentencing.
- Both the state and defense get to speak before the judge gives their final decision.
ILARJ COURTWATCHING INSIGHT
Sentencing can feel abrupt. Many people are unprepared for how quickly their future is determined at this moment. The judge has the power to choose any sentence within the allowed statute.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE
A formal courtroom hearing. The judge speaks directly to you before issuing the sentence. Just because an offer was revoked by the state doesn't mean the judge can't choose that option. Don't give up hope.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
- Prepare a statement if allowed. Your statement accepting responsibility can possibly change the judge's decision.
- Have family or supporters present
- Ask your attorney about sentencing guidelines in advance
COMMUNITY ACTION
- Track sentencing disparities by race and neighborhood
- Document patterns in judicial sentencing decisions
RESOURCES
- Reentry Guides – Education Justice Project (English and Spanish): https://educationjustice.net/reentry-guides/
The Illinois Sentencing Policy Advisory Council has more information about the impact of sentencing, such as median sentence lengths for different categories of convictions. https://spac.illinois.gov/
Disclaimer: ILARJ is not partnered, affiliated, or sponsored by any external organizations listed in this guide. These are simply resources you may want to explore. Services, eligibility, availability, and contact information may change. Please contact each organization directly to confirm current services and eligibility. Links and phone numbers are provided for convenience and do not imply ILARJ’s endorsement or recommendation.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING?
WHERE AM I?
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